Post by The Eyglades on Aug 23, 2015 6:13:26 GMT
The Constitution of the Intercontinental Union
PREAMBLE
We, the Nations united under the banner of the Intercontinental Union, in the common will to promote and preserve Democracy, Civil rights, Political freedoms and Justice amongst us and to avoid internal legal conflicts, hereby establish and accept to yield to this text as our Supreme Law. May this Constitution be a guide to us in order to live in peace and goodwill.
Article I
THE CONSTITUTION
THE CONSTITUTION
1.1- This text shall be referred as"The Constitution of the Intercontinental Union".
1.2- The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Region.
1.3- Every Law, Ordinance, Act and declaration made by a Government Institution. must abide to the Constitution
1.4- Laws, Ordinances and Acts not abiding to the Constitution are declared null and of no force.
1.5- The amendments and articles of the Constitution may only be removed, added or altered by a 2/3 vote of the House of Citizens.
1.6- No Citizen, Public Institution or Non-Governmental Association may ignore and/or breach this text.
1.7- It is the responsibility of the Supreme Court to make sure every Law, Act or Ordinance do abide to the Constitution, and nullify them if not the case.
1.2- The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Region.
1.3- Every Law, Ordinance, Act and declaration made by a Government Institution. must abide to the Constitution
1.4- Laws, Ordinances and Acts not abiding to the Constitution are declared null and of no force.
1.5- The amendments and articles of the Constitution may only be removed, added or altered by a 2/3 vote of the House of Citizens.
1.6- No Citizen, Public Institution or Non-Governmental Association may ignore and/or breach this text.
1.7- It is the responsibility of the Supreme Court to make sure every Law, Act or Ordinance do abide to the Constitution, and nullify them if not the case.
Article II
CITIZENSHIP
SECTION A
GAIN AND LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP
CITIZENSHIP
SECTION A
GAIN AND LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP
2.1- Every Nation residing in the Intercontinental Union is a Citizen by Default
2.2- Two exceptions exist to the amendment 2.1 aforementioned:
2.2.1- Diplomats representing the Intercontinental Union in other regions, although residing outside the Intercontinental Union, may keep citizenship in the Region.
2.2.2- Diplomats representing other Regions and living in the Intercontinental Union are not classified as citizens by default but as "diplomats". Citizens and Diplomats are classified by the general term of "Resident".
2.3- Citizenship may be stripped away from a Nation residing in the Intercontinental Union by the Supreme Court, temporarily or definitely, provided the trial is lawfully processed. The convict may be authorized or not to remain resident in the Region.
2.4- The Founder may expel any Nation from the Region, therefore terminating its citizenship. However, the Founder must justify to the House of Citizens that the expelled Nation was a serious and immediate threat to the Region. The House of Citizens can then confirm or nullify the ejection. If the ejection is nullified, the founder may be taken to Court for Abuse of Power.
2.5- The Minister of foreign Affairs may give expatriate citizenship to a Nation residing outside the Intercontinental Union.
2.6- Plural Citizenship, which is namely the possession of citizenship in two or more Regions at the same time, is tolerated provided every Region in which the applicants ask to be citizen tolerate Plural Citizenship too.
2.2- Two exceptions exist to the amendment 2.1 aforementioned:
2.2.1- Diplomats representing the Intercontinental Union in other regions, although residing outside the Intercontinental Union, may keep citizenship in the Region.
2.2.2- Diplomats representing other Regions and living in the Intercontinental Union are not classified as citizens by default but as "diplomats". Citizens and Diplomats are classified by the general term of "Resident".
2.3- Citizenship may be stripped away from a Nation residing in the Intercontinental Union by the Supreme Court, temporarily or definitely, provided the trial is lawfully processed. The convict may be authorized or not to remain resident in the Region.
2.4- The Founder may expel any Nation from the Region, therefore terminating its citizenship. However, the Founder must justify to the House of Citizens that the expelled Nation was a serious and immediate threat to the Region. The House of Citizens can then confirm or nullify the ejection. If the ejection is nullified, the founder may be taken to Court for Abuse of Power.
2.5- The Minister of foreign Affairs may give expatriate citizenship to a Nation residing outside the Intercontinental Union.
2.6- Plural Citizenship, which is namely the possession of citizenship in two or more Regions at the same time, is tolerated provided every Region in which the applicants ask to be citizen tolerate Plural Citizenship too.
SECTION B
RIGHTS OF CITIZENS
2.7- Every Resident has the right to express opinion and challenge other citizens opinions on any platform.
2.8- Although confirming the amendment aforementioned, no residents may express disrespectful and/or harmful comments.
2.9- Moreover, Residents have to abide to the terms and conditions of the platform they are using to express themselves.
2.10- Residents not abiding to the amendments aforementioned shall be tried by the Supreme Court.
2.11- Every Citizen may vote and be elected or appointed in any Government Position.
2.12- Any Citizen may form a Non-Governmental Association, provided its ideas are not harmful towards other Residents.
2.8- Although confirming the amendment aforementioned, no residents may express disrespectful and/or harmful comments.
2.9- Moreover, Residents have to abide to the terms and conditions of the platform they are using to express themselves.
2.10- Residents not abiding to the amendments aforementioned shall be tried by the Supreme Court.
2.11- Every Citizen may vote and be elected or appointed in any Government Position.
2.12- Any Citizen may form a Non-Governmental Association, provided its ideas are not harmful towards other Residents.
Article III
THE EXECUTIVE
3.1- The Executive is composed of the President, the Vice-President and the Cabinet of Ministers.
3.2- The President and the Vice-President are elected by Universal Suffrage on the same ballot.
3.3- The Cabinet of Ministers is appointed by both the President and the Vice-President.
SECTION A
THE PRESIDENT
3.2- The President and the Vice-President are elected by Universal Suffrage on the same ballot.
3.3- The Cabinet of Ministers is appointed by both the President and the Vice-President.
SECTION A
THE PRESIDENT
Sub-Section A-1
Election
Election
3.4- The President is elected every 50 days
3.5- 29 days after the election of the President, candidates may present themselves for 7 days.
3.6- A Candidature may only be accepted if composed of two Citizens: one running for President and one running for Vice-President on the same ballot.
3.7- Candidates must be Citizens and must have no criminal record.
3.8- When the 7 days are passed and if at least one candidature is presented, the candidates have 7 additional days to campaign.
3.9- The 7 campaigning days may not start if there is not at least one candidature.
3.10- If a Candidate campaigns before or after the 7 days authorized for campaigning, both the candidate for President and for Vice-President are suspended.
3.11- Once the 7 days of campaigning are finished, 7 days of vote are launched.
3.12- Campaigning is not permitted during the 7 days of vote.
3.13- When the 7 days of vote are finished, the polls are closed and the results shown to the public.
3.14- The ballot having the most votes wins. The candidate for President become President and the candidate for Vice-President becomes Vice-President.
3.5- 29 days after the election of the President, candidates may present themselves for 7 days.
3.6- A Candidature may only be accepted if composed of two Citizens: one running for President and one running for Vice-President on the same ballot.
3.7- Candidates must be Citizens and must have no criminal record.
3.8- When the 7 days are passed and if at least one candidature is presented, the candidates have 7 additional days to campaign.
3.9- The 7 campaigning days may not start if there is not at least one candidature.
3.10- If a Candidate campaigns before or after the 7 days authorized for campaigning, both the candidate for President and for Vice-President are suspended.
3.11- Once the 7 days of campaigning are finished, 7 days of vote are launched.
3.12- Campaigning is not permitted during the 7 days of vote.
3.13- When the 7 days of vote are finished, the polls are closed and the results shown to the public.
3.14- The ballot having the most votes wins. The candidate for President become President and the candidate for Vice-President becomes Vice-President.
Sub-Section A-2
Succession, Powers and Responsibilities
Succession, Powers and Responsibilities
3.15- The President is the Head of State and Head of Government of the Intercontinental Union
3.16- The President is responsible, with the Vice-President, of creating a Cabinet of ministers.
3.16- The President is responsible, with the Vice-President, of creating a Cabinet of ministers.
3.17- Presidents may keep the Title of Honor "The Right Honorable" (The Rt Hon.) for their term and lifetime
3.18- The President may distribute any civilian or military medal to a citizen if he/she wishes.
3.19- The President may mercy a citizen condemned by the Supreme Court, by smoothing or cancelling the sentence of the Supreme Court
3.19.1- The prerogative of mercy is not an amnesty, and the condemned will keep a track of its nce in its criminal record
3.20- The President may declare an ambassador from another region Persona non grata.
3.21- The President may appoint and dismiss at its discretion as many citizens as he deems necessary as deputies, spokespersons, secretaries or any other office only concerning the Presidency.
3.22- The President may issue an executive warrant, which has the force of a law, provided it does not go against the Constitution or any other law in place at the moment of issue. An Executive Warrant may not repeal a voted law but may repeal a previous Executive Warrant. The Executive Warrant takes effect 24 hours after its issue.
3.22.1- An executive warrant can be repealed by the House of Citizens
3.23- Presidential Assent is required for a law to have force. The President may, at his discretion, approve, reject or submit to public referendum the law project.
3.24- If the President did not take any action in the 7 days after passage of the law, the law is approved by default.
3.25- If the President rejects the law project, the House of citizens may re-vote it. If it goes beyond 2/3 of approval, the President may not oppose to it.
3.26- If the President rejects the law project, the Speaker of the House of Citizens may call up for a public referendum. If it succeeds, the law is automatically approved.
3.27- If the President is temporarily absent, the Vice-President takes the powers of the President until the return of the President. If the Vice-President is absent, the Speaker of the House of Citizen replaces the President. If the Speaker is absent, the Founder replaces the President. If the Founder is absent, the House of Citizens elects a Citizen to replace the President until the President's return.
3.28- If the President resigns, the Vice-President assumes the President's role until the next Presidential elections. If the Vice-President resigns too, the Speaker of the House of Citizens becomes President. If the Chairman resigns, the Founder assumes the role of President until the next elections.
SECTION C
THE CABINET
3.18- The President may distribute any civilian or military medal to a citizen if he/she wishes.
3.19- The President may mercy a citizen condemned by the Supreme Court, by smoothing or cancelling the sentence of the Supreme Court
3.19.1- The prerogative of mercy is not an amnesty, and the condemned will keep a track of its nce in its criminal record
3.20- The President may declare an ambassador from another region Persona non grata.
3.21- The President may appoint and dismiss at its discretion as many citizens as he deems necessary as deputies, spokespersons, secretaries or any other office only concerning the Presidency.
3.22- The President may issue an executive warrant, which has the force of a law, provided it does not go against the Constitution or any other law in place at the moment of issue. An Executive Warrant may not repeal a voted law but may repeal a previous Executive Warrant. The Executive Warrant takes effect 24 hours after its issue.
3.22.1- An executive warrant can be repealed by the House of Citizens
3.23- Presidential Assent is required for a law to have force. The President may, at his discretion, approve, reject or submit to public referendum the law project.
3.24- If the President did not take any action in the 7 days after passage of the law, the law is approved by default.
3.25- If the President rejects the law project, the House of citizens may re-vote it. If it goes beyond 2/3 of approval, the President may not oppose to it.
3.26- If the President rejects the law project, the Speaker of the House of Citizens may call up for a public referendum. If it succeeds, the law is automatically approved.
3.27- If the President is temporarily absent, the Vice-President takes the powers of the President until the return of the President. If the Vice-President is absent, the Speaker of the House of Citizen replaces the President. If the Speaker is absent, the Founder replaces the President. If the Founder is absent, the House of Citizens elects a Citizen to replace the President until the President's return.
3.28- If the President resigns, the Vice-President assumes the President's role until the next Presidential elections. If the Vice-President resigns too, the Speaker of the House of Citizens becomes President. If the Chairman resigns, the Founder assumes the role of President until the next elections.
SECTION B
THE VICE-PRESIDENT
THE VICE-PRESIDENT
3.29- The Vice-President's role is to advise the President in the day-to-day politics of the Region.
3.30- The Vice President may issue Executive warrants, but they can be overridden by a Presidential decision.
3.31- The Vice-President may award any civilian medal to any citizen, although the decision can be vetoed by the President.
3.32- The Vice-President may keep the title "The Honorable" (the Hon.) for term and lifetime.
3.33- If the Vice-President is absent, resigns, or is dismissed, the President is responsible of appointing another citizen as Vice-President, with the consent of the House of Citizens.
3.34- The Vice-President may appoint and dismiss at its discretion as many citizens as he deems necessary as deputies, spokespersons, secretaries or any other office only concerning the Vice-Presidency.
3.30- The Vice President may issue Executive warrants, but they can be overridden by a Presidential decision.
3.31- The Vice-President may award any civilian medal to any citizen, although the decision can be vetoed by the President.
3.32- The Vice-President may keep the title "The Honorable" (the Hon.) for term and lifetime.
3.33- If the Vice-President is absent, resigns, or is dismissed, the President is responsible of appointing another citizen as Vice-President, with the consent of the House of Citizens.
3.34- The Vice-President may appoint and dismiss at its discretion as many citizens as he deems necessary as deputies, spokespersons, secretaries or any other office only concerning the Vice-Presidency.
SECTION C
THE CABINET
3.35- The Cabinet is composed of
-Ministers
-The Chief of Staff of the Air force
-The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
-The Governor of the Central Bank.
3.36- Ministers are appointed and assigned to a Ministry by the President and the Vice-President, with the approval of the House of Citizens
3.37- The President and Vice-President may allow a Citizen to speak in the Cabinet for a time between one Cabinet session and the whole Cabinet term.
3.38- The President and Vice-President may appoint a Minister without assigning him/her a Ministry. In this case, the Minister becomes a Minister without portfolio.
3.39- Ministers may hold the title of "The Revered" (The Rev.) during their term. The President or Vice-President may allow a Minister to keep the title of "The Right Revered" (The Rt Rev.) for lifetime if the Minister has provided a good service.
3.40- A Minister may appoint and dismiss at its discretion as many citizens as he deems necessary as deputies, spokespersons, secretaries or any other office only concerning his/her Ministry.
3.41- The Cabinet meets to establish the official policy of the Government, discuss Government issues and write a Budget Proposition.
-Ministers
-The Chief of Staff of the Air force
-The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
-The Governor of the Central Bank.
3.36- Ministers are appointed and assigned to a Ministry by the President and the Vice-President, with the approval of the House of Citizens
3.37- The President and Vice-President may allow a Citizen to speak in the Cabinet for a time between one Cabinet session and the whole Cabinet term.
3.38- The President and Vice-President may appoint a Minister without assigning him/her a Ministry. In this case, the Minister becomes a Minister without portfolio.
3.39- Ministers may hold the title of "The Revered" (The Rev.) during their term. The President or Vice-President may allow a Minister to keep the title of "The Right Revered" (The Rt Rev.) for lifetime if the Minister has provided a good service.
3.40- A Minister may appoint and dismiss at its discretion as many citizens as he deems necessary as deputies, spokespersons, secretaries or any other office only concerning his/her Ministry.
3.41- The Cabinet meets to establish the official policy of the Government, discuss Government issues and write a Budget Proposition.
Article IV
THE LEGISLATIVE
SECTION A
MEMBERSHIP
THE LEGISLATIVE
SECTION A
MEMBERSHIP
4.1- The Legislative branch of the Intercontinental Union shall be unicameral. It shall be named the House of Citizens.
4.2- Any Citizen without criminal record may be a member of the House of Citizens.
4.3- Members of the House of Citizens shall be styled "Member of Parliament" (MP).
4.4- The House of Citizens may eject an MP with a 60% super-majority.
4.2- Any Citizen without criminal record may be a member of the House of Citizens.
4.3- Members of the House of Citizens shall be styled "Member of Parliament" (MP).
4.4- The House of Citizens may eject an MP with a 60% super-majority.
SECTION B
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF CITIZENS
SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF CITIZENS
4.5- The Members of Parliament shall, every month, elect a Speaker of the House, in charge of moderating and presiding the Chamber.
4.6- The Speaker of the House may no be part of a political party
4.7- The Speaker of the House or the Member of Parliament replacing him/her is the only person who can give or not the right to speak to an MP.
4.8- The Speaker may temporarily eject an MP in case of misconduct.
4.9- The Speaker is in charge of organizing votes.
4.10- The Speaker may be orally addressed as "Mr/Mrs Speaker" and may hold the title "the Esteemed" during his/her term.
4.11- The Speaker introduces laws proposed by Members of Parliament into debate and vote.
4.12- The Speaker may not vote, unless when there is a tie, in which case the Speaker may break the tie.
4.6- The Speaker of the House may no be part of a political party
4.7- The Speaker of the House or the Member of Parliament replacing him/her is the only person who can give or not the right to speak to an MP.
4.8- The Speaker may temporarily eject an MP in case of misconduct.
4.9- The Speaker is in charge of organizing votes.
4.10- The Speaker may be orally addressed as "Mr/Mrs Speaker" and may hold the title "the Esteemed" during his/her term.
4.11- The Speaker introduces laws proposed by Members of Parliament into debate and vote.
4.12- The Speaker may not vote, unless when there is a tie, in which case the Speaker may break the tie.
SECTION C
COMMISSIONS
COMMISSIONS
4.13- Commissions are groups of Members of Parliament specialized in a specific theme (Finance, Defense, Culture etc...).
4.14- The Speaker of the House may create as many commissions as he/she deems fit, and appoint a Chairperson for each commission.
4.15- The Chairperson is in charge of moderating his/her commission, accepting new members, organizing votes in the commission and ejecting members showing misconduct .
4.16- Commissions amend, correct and present to the Speaker of the House any project of law concerning their department.
4.17- Membership in a commission is not compulsory, and MP's can be members of several commissions at the same time.
4.14- The Speaker of the House may create as many commissions as he/she deems fit, and appoint a Chairperson for each commission.
4.15- The Chairperson is in charge of moderating his/her commission, accepting new members, organizing votes in the commission and ejecting members showing misconduct .
4.16- Commissions amend, correct and present to the Speaker of the House any project of law concerning their department.
4.17- Membership in a commission is not compulsory, and MP's can be members of several commissions at the same time.
SECTION D
SPOKESPERSON OF THE HOUSE
SPOKESPERSON OF THE HOUSE
4.18- The Members of Parliament elect, among them, 3 days after the election of the Speaker, a spokesperson.
4.19- The Spokesperson may sit and vote as a regular member of Parliament, but he/she is responsible of publishing passed laws and declarations of the House of Citizens.
4.19- The Spokesperson may sit and vote as a regular member of Parliament, but he/she is responsible of publishing passed laws and declarations of the House of Citizens.
SECTION E
POWERS OF THE HOUSE
Sub Section E-1
Law Making
POWERS OF THE HOUSE
Sub Section E-1
Law Making
4.20- Any member of Parliament may propose a project of law.
4.21- The author must send the first bill to the commission treating the subject of his/her law
4.22- If no commission treats the subject of the law project, it is directly sent to the Speaker.
4.23- When the commission treating the subject of the law has finished amending and correcting the bill, it is sent to the Speaker of the House.
4.24- The Speaker of the House makes a quorum of all bills proposed to him/her.
4.35- Whenever the House of Citizens has nothing to debate on, the Speaker introduces a bill.
4.36- A 3 day period extensible by 24 hours by the Speaker starts. The defendants and opponents of the bill debate.
4.37- When the 3 day period is over, and if the Speaker hasn't used the possibility to extend it to 24 hours, a 24 hour period of vote is opened. MP's may vote FOR, AGAINST or NEUTRAL to the bill. When the 24 hours of voting are over, if a majority of MP's voted FOR, the bill is passed to the President for assent. If a majority of MP's voted AGAINST, the bill is rejected.
4.21- The author must send the first bill to the commission treating the subject of his/her law
4.22- If no commission treats the subject of the law project, it is directly sent to the Speaker.
4.23- When the commission treating the subject of the law has finished amending and correcting the bill, it is sent to the Speaker of the House.
4.24- The Speaker of the House makes a quorum of all bills proposed to him/her.
4.35- Whenever the House of Citizens has nothing to debate on, the Speaker introduces a bill.
4.36- A 3 day period extensible by 24 hours by the Speaker starts. The defendants and opponents of the bill debate.
4.37- When the 3 day period is over, and if the Speaker hasn't used the possibility to extend it to 24 hours, a 24 hour period of vote is opened. MP's may vote FOR, AGAINST or NEUTRAL to the bill. When the 24 hours of voting are over, if a majority of MP's voted FOR, the bill is passed to the President for assent. If a majority of MP's voted AGAINST, the bill is rejected.
Sub-Section E-2
Motion of confidence, No-confidence, Approval and Impeachment
Motion of confidence, No-confidence, Approval and Impeachment
4.38- When the President and Vice-President appoint Ministers, the House of Citizens votes a Motion of Confidence. If it passes with a simple majority, the Cabinet is approved. If it fails, the President and Vice-President must re-appoint ministers until the House of Citizens passes the motion of confidence.
4.39- Any MP can start a motion of no-confidence. If it passes, the President and Vice-President must re-appoint ministers and a new motion of confidence must be voted. If it fails, nothing changes and the MP who proposed the motion of confidence must resign for two weeks.
4.40- Every Government Officer (Justice, Chief Justice, Minister, Vice-President, President, Governor of the Central Bank, member of the Board of Directors of the Central bank and Chief of Staff of the Air Force) must be approved upon appointment or election by the House of Citizens. if the motion of Approval fails, another Citizen must be appointed/elected until the House of Citizens approve.
4.41- Any Government Officer may be the object of a Motion of Impeachment. If this is the case, The house of Citizens must vote and a 2/3 super-majority is required for the motion of impeachment to pass. if a motion of impeachment passes, a new Citizen must be appointed at the position of the Government Officer, unless the President is impeached, in which case the lien of succession of the President takes over. If it fails, nothing changes.
4.39- Any MP can start a motion of no-confidence. If it passes, the President and Vice-President must re-appoint ministers and a new motion of confidence must be voted. If it fails, nothing changes and the MP who proposed the motion of confidence must resign for two weeks.
4.40- Every Government Officer (Justice, Chief Justice, Minister, Vice-President, President, Governor of the Central Bank, member of the Board of Directors of the Central bank and Chief of Staff of the Air Force) must be approved upon appointment or election by the House of Citizens. if the motion of Approval fails, another Citizen must be appointed/elected until the House of Citizens approve.
4.41- Any Government Officer may be the object of a Motion of Impeachment. If this is the case, The house of Citizens must vote and a 2/3 super-majority is required for the motion of impeachment to pass. if a motion of impeachment passes, a new Citizen must be appointed at the position of the Government Officer, unless the President is impeached, in which case the lien of succession of the President takes over. If it fails, nothing changes.
Article V
THE JUDICIARY
THE JUDICIARY
5.1- The Judiciary shall be made of the Supreme Court.
5.2- The Supreme Court shall be composed of:
-Two Associate Justices
-One Chief Justice
-One Prosecutor.
-Three Juries, chosen among a list of volunteers having citizenship and having no criminal record.
5.3- The Supreme Court is competent in the following domains:
5.3.1- Regular Court, when solving a disagreement between two Citizens.
5.3.2- State Court, when the Region or Institution accuses a Citizen of not respecting the Laws of the Intercontinental Union or when a citizen denounces the Region or an Institution of not respecting his/her rights.
5.3.3- Institutional Court, when solving a disagreement between Regional Institutions on the competence of the Institutions.
5.3.4- Electoral Court, when solving a disagreement between Candidates on the legitimacy of an electoral result.
5.3.5- Economic Court, when solving a dispute between corporations or the Intercontinental Central Bank.
5.3.6- Providing answers on a legal question asked to the court.
5.2- The Supreme Court shall be composed of:
-Two Associate Justices
-One Chief Justice
-One Prosecutor.
-Three Juries, chosen among a list of volunteers having citizenship and having no criminal record.
5.3- The Supreme Court is competent in the following domains:
5.3.1- Regular Court, when solving a disagreement between two Citizens.
5.3.2- State Court, when the Region or Institution accuses a Citizen of not respecting the Laws of the Intercontinental Union or when a citizen denounces the Region or an Institution of not respecting his/her rights.
5.3.3- Institutional Court, when solving a disagreement between Regional Institutions on the competence of the Institutions.
5.3.4- Electoral Court, when solving a disagreement between Candidates on the legitimacy of an electoral result.
5.3.5- Economic Court, when solving a dispute between corporations or the Intercontinental Central Bank.
5.3.6- Providing answers on a legal question asked to the court.
SECTION A
RIGHTS OF THE DEFENDANT
RIGHTS OF THE DEFENDANT
5.4- Defendants have the right to a lawyer and legal advice.
5.5- Defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt by a competent jurisdiction.
5.6- Defendants may express themselves and expose their version of facts during audiences.
5.5- Defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt by a competent jurisdiction.
5.6- Defendants may express themselves and expose their version of facts during audiences.
SECTION B
ENTRY OF A PLEA
ENTRY OF A PLEA
5.7- At the beginning of each affair, the Chief Justice must ask the defendant to plea either guilty, not guilty or nolo contendere.
5.8- If the defendant enters a guilty plea and the Chief Justice estimates that the defendant is conscient of the responsability and consequences of his/her plea, and has not acted by force or ignorance the accusing party and the defendant may expose argument on how harsh the sentence should be. Once the defendant party finished its speech, the audience is closed and the jury and justices deliberate before verdict,
5.9- If the defendant enters a nolo contendere plea and the Chief Justice estimates that the defendant is conscient of the responsability and consequences of his/her plea, and has not acted by force or ignorance the accusing party and the defendant may expose argument on how harsh the sentence should be. Once the defendant party finished its speech, the audience is closed and the jury and justices deliberate before verdict. However, a nolo contendere plea is not considered as a recognition of guilt in an affair.
5.10- If the defendant pleads not guilty, the case opens to a trial.
5.11- If the defendant is tried in absentia, or if the defendant refuses to enter a plea, a plea of not guilty on the defendant's behalf and can be changed later by the defendant.
5.8- If the defendant enters a guilty plea and the Chief Justice estimates that the defendant is conscient of the responsability and consequences of his/her plea, and has not acted by force or ignorance the accusing party and the defendant may expose argument on how harsh the sentence should be. Once the defendant party finished its speech, the audience is closed and the jury and justices deliberate before verdict,
5.9- If the defendant enters a nolo contendere plea and the Chief Justice estimates that the defendant is conscient of the responsability and consequences of his/her plea, and has not acted by force or ignorance the accusing party and the defendant may expose argument on how harsh the sentence should be. Once the defendant party finished its speech, the audience is closed and the jury and justices deliberate before verdict. However, a nolo contendere plea is not considered as a recognition of guilt in an affair.
5.10- If the defendant pleads not guilty, the case opens to a trial.
5.11- If the defendant is tried in absentia, or if the defendant refuses to enter a plea, a plea of not guilty on the defendant's behalf and can be changed later by the defendant.
SECTION C
TRIAL
TRIAL
5.12- If a plea of not guilty is entered by the defendant, a trial opens.
5.13- As the trial opens, both the accusing and defendant parties must provide the Chief Justice, or Presiding Justice appointed by the Chief Justice with all the evidence that may prove guilt or innocence of the defendant.
5.14- After the entry of all the evidence and proofs, the accusing party first, then the defendant party may argue and debate on the proofs and guilt of the defendant. This action may be done up to 5 times in a row.
5.15- The Chief Justice, Presiding Justice or both parties may decide to stop the debates before the 5 counter-argumentations.
5.16- The Chief Justice may extend the number of counter-argumentations up to 7.
5.17- At the end of the debates, the accusing party states all its arguments and suggests a punishment or acquittal to the Court.
5.18- Following this stage, the defendant party states all its arguments and suggests a punishment or acquittal to the Court.
5.19- The Court retires itself and deliberate. It has to answer to the following questions:
-Is the defendant guilty or not guilty?
-If proven guilty, which punishment is adapted to the defendant's crime?
5.20- At the end of the deliberations, the Chief Justice pronounces the verdict in public and it must be executed within 3 days.
5.13- As the trial opens, both the accusing and defendant parties must provide the Chief Justice, or Presiding Justice appointed by the Chief Justice with all the evidence that may prove guilt or innocence of the defendant.
5.14- After the entry of all the evidence and proofs, the accusing party first, then the defendant party may argue and debate on the proofs and guilt of the defendant. This action may be done up to 5 times in a row.
5.15- The Chief Justice, Presiding Justice or both parties may decide to stop the debates before the 5 counter-argumentations.
5.16- The Chief Justice may extend the number of counter-argumentations up to 7.
5.17- At the end of the debates, the accusing party states all its arguments and suggests a punishment or acquittal to the Court.
5.18- Following this stage, the defendant party states all its arguments and suggests a punishment or acquittal to the Court.
5.19- The Court retires itself and deliberate. It has to answer to the following questions:
-Is the defendant guilty or not guilty?
-If proven guilty, which punishment is adapted to the defendant's crime?
5.20- At the end of the deliberations, the Chief Justice pronounces the verdict in public and it must be executed within 3 days.
Article VI
THE CENTRAL BANK
THE CENTRAL BANK
6.1- The Currency of the Region is the Intercontinental Standard Currency (I$C).
6.2- The Central Bank is the main region Financial and Economic Institution.
6.3- The Central Bank shall be directed the Praesidium of the Central Bank.
6.4- The Praesidium of the Central Bank shall be composed of three directors elected by the House of Citizens.
6.5- They shall elect among themselves a Governor who shall preside over the Praesidium of the Central Bank.
6.6- The Praesidium of the Central Bank shall have authority on:
-The Interest remuneration rate.
-The Loan Interest Rate.
-Accepting/Refusing Loans
6.7- The Government may ask to the Central Bank to print more currency for the Government. The Central Bank can accept or refuse this demand. The Central Bank may not print money without the consent of the Government.
6.3- The Central Bank shall be directed the Praesidium of the Central Bank.
6.4- The Praesidium of the Central Bank shall be composed of three directors elected by the House of Citizens.
6.5- They shall elect among themselves a Governor who shall preside over the Praesidium of the Central Bank.
6.6- The Praesidium of the Central Bank shall have authority on:
-The Interest remuneration rate.
-The Loan Interest Rate.
-Accepting/Refusing Loans
6.7- The Government may ask to the Central Bank to print more currency for the Government. The Central Bank can accept or refuse this demand. The Central Bank may not print money without the consent of the Government.
Article VII
THE FOUNDER
THE FOUNDER
7.1- The Founder has the same rights and duties as a citizen
7.2- The Founder may be elected or appointed to any position
7.3- The Founder may password and banject any nation from the region, but must justify the action in front of the House of Citizens.
7.4- The Founder is in charge of the execution and application of all laws and justice acts and must do so.
7.5- The Founder may be taken to Court if the Founder committed an offence.
7.6- The Founder may not abuse from the power to execute changes to the forum and region for personal interest.
7.7- The Founder may create and award any civilian or military award.
7.2- The Founder may be elected or appointed to any position
7.3- The Founder may password and banject any nation from the region, but must justify the action in front of the House of Citizens.
7.4- The Founder is in charge of the execution and application of all laws and justice acts and must do so.
7.5- The Founder may be taken to Court if the Founder committed an offence.
7.6- The Founder may not abuse from the power to execute changes to the forum and region for personal interest.
7.7- The Founder may create and award any civilian or military award.